Smart Decision System dalam Pemakaian Energi Listrik Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Respon Beban
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Faktor penyebab kenaikan konsumsi energi listrik adalah karena masyarakat mulai melakukan aktivitas seperti sebelum pandemi Covid-19. Walaupun kenaikan tersebut tergolong tidak signifikan, perlu dilakukan pemantauan dan pengelolaan penggunaan energi listrik yang bijak untuk mencegah terjadinya lonjakan beban listrik yang berlebihan. Upaya penghematan jumlah konsumsi energi listrik sering dijumpai, akan tetapi velum dapat dilakukan pengendalian atau penentuan beban yang harus padam. Pada penelitian ini dibuatlah sistem di-mana upaya penentuan beban akan otomatis padam atau menyala ketika terjadi konsleting listrik atau beban berlebih. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan ESP32 dan beberapa sensor yang terpasang pada masing-masing beban menggunakan pemrograman python. Pemilihan beban padam dan menyala berdasarkan pada preferensi dan kebutuhan pengguna rumah pada umumnya. Pengujian ini dilakukan menggunakan simulasi program python dan sebuah prototype rumah dengan 4 ruangan. Pada uji coba simulasi didapatkan hasil simulasi dengan daya terpasang ditentukan sebesar 812 Watt, sehingga data yang ditampilkan pada simulator menunjukkan beban non-prioritas otomatis padam ketika melebihi limit daya sebesar 812 Watt. Se-dangkan pada uji coba alat menggunakan prototype rumah dimana terdapat 4 kondisi saklar yang berbeda disetiap ruangan dengan hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa lampu pada ruangan non-prioritas otomatis pa-dam dikarenakan limit mencapai 15 Watt. Dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan maka sistem dapat digunakan untuk menentukan beban sesuai dengan prinsip sistem penentuan beban jika terjadi kelebihan daya yang terpakai dibandingkan daya yang terpasang.
The factor causing the increase in electricity consumption is because people are starting to carry out activities like before the Covid-19 pandemic. Although this increase is classified as insignificant, it is necessary to monitor and manage the use of electrical energy wisely to prevent excessive spikes in electrical loads. Efforts to save the amount of electrical energy consumption are often encountered, however, it is not possible to control or determine the load that must be extinguished. In this research, a system is made where the effort to determine the load will automatically turn off or turn on when there is an electrical short or an overload. This system is designed using ESP32 and several sensors are installed on each load using python programming. Selection of the load off and on based on the load consumption database used and the installed power limit. This test was carried out using a python program simulation and a prototype house with 4 rooms. In the simulation test, the simulation results were obtained with the installed power set at 812 watts, so that the data displayed on the simulator shows the non-priority load automatically turns off when it exceeds the power limit of 812 watts. Meanwhile, in testing the tool using a home prototype where there are 4 different switch conditions in each room, depend on the experimental results show that the lights in the non-priority room automatically turn off because the limit reaches 15 watts. From the tests that have been carried out, the system can be used to determine the load by the principle of the decision system if there is excess power used with the installed power.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/telka.v9n2.117-129
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