Karakteristik Peluahan Sebagian Permukaan Material PCB di Isolasi Udara dengan Elektroda Pelat-Pelat

Neris Peri Ardiansyah, Umar Khayam

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Kualitas sistem tenaga listrik dipengaruhi salah satunya oleh kualitas isolasi yang digunakan terhadap peralatan yang digunakan. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada peraltan tegangan tinggi adalah kualitas isolasi yang tidak sesuai dengan peralatan yang digunakan. Salah satu tanda terjadinya kerusakan pada isolasi adalah dengan timbulnya Partial Discharge (PD) yang merupakan gejala awal terjadinya kerusakan pada isolasi peralatan tegangan tinggi. Pendeteksian PD dapat dilakukan dengan mendeteksi radiasi yang dihasilkan oleh peralatan, diantaranya dengan deteksi Transient Earth Voltage (TEV), atau yang lebih konvensional yaitu deteksi gelombang elektromagnetik, akustik dan mekanik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan pengukuran Surface Discharge yang terjadi pada permukaan isolator yang yang terbuat dari PCB. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan Standar IEC 60270 dengan deteksi non-elektrik menggunakan sensor Loop Antenna. Pengukuran dilakukan pada media isolasi gas (udara) menggunakan elektroda pelat-pelat berbentuk lingkaran sebagai pembangkit medan listrik yang homogen dan simetris. Hasil dari penelitian karakteristik surface discharge yang terjadi pada permukaan PCB dengan medan homogen yang terjadi pada isolator udara diperoleh data berupa PDIV negatif dan positif pada nilai tegangan 3,35 kV dan 3,37 kV, bentuk Gelombang PD pada tegangan uji 4,5-7 kV dengan waktu kenaikan 144-301 ns, dan waktu penurunan 4966-3094 ns, Sudut Pola Phasa PD pada tengangan 4,5-7 kV di polaritas negative dan positif berada pada 198-253 derajat dan 22-69 derajat, besar muatan PD negatif dan positif (-58)-(-8893) pC dan 116-11933 pC, serta jumlah pola fasa PD negatif dan posisif berjumlah 55-301 dan 24-261. Karakteristik Surface Discharge pada Material PCB terdapat di polaritas negatif dan positif yang mengakibatkan terjadinya pelepasan muatan di permukaan isolasi PCB dengan besar muatan pada masing-masing polaritas.

 

The quality of the electric power system is influenced, among other things, by the quality of the insulation used on the equipment used. The problem that occurs in high-voltage equipment is the quality of insulation that is not in accordance with the equipment used. One sign of damage to the insulation is the emergence of Partial Discharge, an early symptom of damage to the insulation of high-voltage equipment. PD detection can be done by detecting radiation produced by equipment, including Transient Earth Voltage (TEV) detection, or more conventionally, electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical wave detection. In this research, an experiment was conducted to measure the Surface Discharge that occurred on the surface of an insulator made of PCB. Measurements were carried out using the IEC 60270 Standard with non-electrical detection using a Loop Antenna sensor. Measurements were made on gas (air) insulating media using circular plate electrodes as a generator of a homogeneous and symmetrical electric field. The results of the research on surface discharge characteristics that occur on acrylic surfaces with homogeneous fields that occur on air insulators obtained data in the form of Negative and Positive PDIV at voltage values of 3.35 kV and 3.37 kV, PD Waveforms at test voltages of 4.5-7 kV with a rising time of 144-301 ns and a decreasing time of 4966-3094 ns, the angle of the PD Phase Pattern at a voltage of 4.5-7 kV in negative and positive polarity is at 198-253 degrees and 22-69 degrees, the magnitude of the PD charge is negative and Positive (-58)-(-8893) pC and 116-11933 pC, the number of negative and positive PD phase patterns is 55-301 and 24-261. The Surface Discharge Characteristics of the PCB Material are in negative and positive polarity, resulting in a discharge on the surface of the PCB insulation with a large charge on each polarity.


Kata Kunci


Peluahan Sebagian Permukaan; PCB; Loop Antena; isolasi udara; elektroda pelat

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/telka.v9n2.145-155

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