Analysis of an IoT-Based Electric Power Consumption Monitoring System for Energy Efficiency (Case Study: UKWMS Room)

Abstract

This study presents the development and performance analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical power consumption monitoring system implemented in the lecturer rooms of the Informatics Department at Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University. The system is designed to provide real-time power consumption data to support improvements in campus energy efficiency. The hardware consists of a PZEM-004T module as the electrical parameter sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, which transmits measurement data to a server over a WiFi network. Voltage, current, active power, energy, frequency, and power factor are stored in a MySQL database and visualized through a web-based dashboard and a mobile Application developed using Kodular. System performance is evaluated by comparing IoT meter readings with those of three commercial measuring instruments under three load conditions: solder, lamp, and printer. Experimental results indicate that the IoT meter's voltage measurements show very small deviations from the reference instruments (less than 1%), while the differences in active power measurements remain within approximately 5%. The obtained power factor values also provide a clearer characterization of inductive and resistive loads compared to conventional meters. These findings demonstrate that the proposed IoT-based monitoring system is feasible as a prototype for energy monitoring in campus environments and has strong potential for further development towards a smart energy management solution.