Optimasi Multi-Objektif Kapasitas Baterai PLTS Off-Grid dengan Beban Dinamis Tinggi menggunakan NSGA-II

Yusiran Yusiran; Fauzun Atabiq; Oloan Gana Putra Siregar

doi:10.15575/telka.v12n2.208-219

Authors

Yusiran Yusiran Politeknik Negeri Batam
Fauzun Atabiq Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Indonesia
Oloan Gana Putra Siregar Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/telka.v12n2.208-219

Keywords:

Beban dinamis, LCOE, LPSP, NSGA, PLTS off -grid

Abstract

Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) off-grid di wilayah kepulauan terpencil, seperti Pulau Karimun, Kepulauan Riau, menghadapi tantangan beban dinamis tinggi yang menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan antara produksi energi, kapasitas penyimpanan, dan konsumsi beban. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kapasitas baterai optimal pada PLTS off-grid 8,12 kWp dengan mempertimbangkan tiga parameter utama: Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP), Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR), dan Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Optimasi multi-objektif dilakukan menggunakan algoritma Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) berbasis data operasional 122 hari pada dua skenario kapasitas awal (16 kWh dan 32 kWh) serta tiga profil beban (normal, ekstrem tinggi, ekstrem rendah). Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas baterai optimal (knee point) adalah 24 kWh dengan LPSP 3,21%, SCR 96,79%, dan LCOE Rp3.752/kWh. Dibandingkan dengan baterai 16 kWh (LPSP 8,76%, LCOE Rp3.535/kWh) dan baterai 32 kWh (LPSP 2,84%, LCOE Rp4.099/kWh), kapasitas 24 kWh memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara keandalan pasokan, swasembada energi, dan biaya investasi. Peningkatan kapasitas di atas 24 kWh hanya memperbaiki LPSP sebesar 0,37% namun menaikkan LCOE hingga 9,2%. Kesimpulannya, peningkatan kapasitas baterai dari 16 kWh menjadi 24 kWh merupakan strategi paling cost-effective untuk sistem PLTS off-grid dengan beban dinamis tinggi. Metodologi ini dapat direplikasi untuk perencanaan sistem off-grid di lokasi terpencil lainnya

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